Can we Trust the Computer

A Gift of Fire
Can We Trust the Computer?

What Can Go Wrong?
Case Study: The Therac-25
Increasing Reliability and Safety
Perspectives on Failures, Dependence, Risk, and Progress
Computer Models

What Can Go Wrong?
Facts About Computer Errors
Error-free software is not possible.
Errors are often caused by more than one factor.
Errors can be reduced by following good procedures and professional practices.






What Can Go Wrong?
The Roles of People in Computer-related Problems:
Computer User
At home or work, users should understand the limitations of computers and the need for proper training and responsible use.
Computer Professional
Understanding the source and consequences of computer failures is valuable when buying, developing, or managing a complex system.
Educated Member of Society
Personal decisions and political, social, and ethical decisions depend on understanding computer risks.

What Can Go Wrong?
Problems for Individuals
Billing Errors
Lack of tests for inconsistencies and inappropriate amounts.
Database Accuracy Problems
Incorrect information resulting in wrongful treatment or acts.

Billing errors
Woman billed $6.3 million for electricity; IRS (Internal Revenue Services - pajak) generated erroneous bills for almost 5000 people; auto insurance rate of a 101 year old tripled.-classified as teenager; Chicago cat owners billed for failure to register dachshunds (anjing kaki pendek).
Errors in design and/or implementation of the programs. Some could have been avoided with care or if programs had included tests.
Fourth example, staff did not know enough about systems they used.


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